Ion exchange method removes cations and anions of dissolved salts from water. Undesirable ions are replaced by appropriate ions by means of ion exchange resin.

One of the main features of ion exchange resin is exchange capacity, therefore resin should constantly be regenerated. Depending upon the type of resin water can be:

• Demineralised

• Softened

• Decarbonised

AquaHard® - Water softening systems

As water moves through rocks, it dissolves various minerals and becomes “hard”. Hardness of water is defined by concentration of bivalent alkaline earth metal ions, first of all calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) in it. These elements naturally get in water owing to interaction of carbon dioxide with carbonate minerals.

Hard water causes problems in maintenance of equipment, which have a contact to hot water (boilers, pipes and etc.). Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can contribute to the inefficient operation or failure of water-using appliances.

Water softeners operate on the ion exchange process when hard water passes through the softening material and ions Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ are replaced by Na⁺ ions.

Applications Boiler water treatment Cooling systems water treatment Drinking water treatment Water treatment for industrial processes Water treatment for power industry

Industries Chemical industry Oil gas refinery Power industry Textile Food industry Metallurgy Municipal sector

Standard features:

• PVC piping
• Membrane valves (Ø20 - Ø 63)
• Butterfly valve, stainless steel disc 304 (Ø90 - Ø160)
• Fiber glass reinforced vessels (Ø610 - Ø1600)
• Coated carbon steel vessels (Ø1200 - Ø3500)
• Programmable controller
• Stainless steel frame
• Premounted piping
• Flow meters
• Manometers

Optional features:

• Countercurrent regeneration
• Stainless steel piping
• Stainless steel vessels
• Treated water quality control
• Raw water mixing line

Advantages:

• Quick installation
• Easy maintenance
• Full automatic
• Economy of reagents for regeneration
• Economy of water for regeneration
• PC connection possibility

AquaHard® - Dealkalisation systems

For removal of water alkalinity (amount of bicarbonates) is used special selective technology of dealkalisation, which is widely applied for treatment of water for heating and cooling systems, boilers, beer production and etc.

Water alkalinity is reduced by weak-acid cation resin. This resin has a property to attract cations contained in water and to replace them by hydrogen ions until a balance is obtained with the cations tied to the bicarbonates. The CO₂ liberated by this process is then eliminated in to the atmosphere and the other part of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ salts (sulphates, chlorides) remains in the water. Thus is reduced both the water alkalinity and a total amount of salts too.

Applications Boiler water treatment Cooling systems water treatment Drinking water treatment Water treatment for industrial processes Water treatment for power industry

Industries Chemical industry Oil gas refinery Power industry Textile Food industry Metallurgy Municipal sector

AquaHard® - Demineralisation systems

Modern ion exchange demineralisation process uses packed beds and counter current technology allowing to achieve extremely high water purity. Purified water is required in glass, medical, electronics, mechanical and metalwork industry. Demineralisation technology is used when water salinity is not high (till 1-2 ppm).

Applications Boiler water treatment Cooling systems water treatment Drinking water treatment Water treatment for industrial processes Water treatment for power industry

Industries Chemical industry Oil gas refinery Power industry Textile Food industry Metallurgy Municipal sector

Standard features

• PVC piping
• Membrane valves (Ø20 - Ø63)
• Butterfly valves, stainless steel disc 316 (Ø75 - Ø160)
• Fiber glass reinforced vessels (Ø610 - Ø1200)
• Programmable controller
• Stainless steel frame
• Premounted piping
• Flow meter
• Manometer
• Packed bed
• Countercurrent regeneration
• Chemicals dilution system
• Conductivity meter

 Optional features

• Neutralization
• PP piping
• PE piping
• Safe chemicals storage tanks
• PC visualisation 

Advantages

• Full automatic
• Economy of chemicals for regeneration
• Economy of water for regeneration